We the people of the United States, in order to decentralize political powers of the federal government, to reduce wasteful federal spending, to strive for greater accountability of government, to present a more complete enumeration of rights, to improve economic stability, and to reduce involvement in foreign conflicts, do hereby repeal the Constitution of the United States as ratified in 1791, and do ordain and establish this replacement Constitution for the United States of America.
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ARTICLE I: Federal legislative power shall be divided
among a series of councils, and each federal council shall have authority over
and only over those departments and agencies assigned to them. Each state
shall be free to choose its own method for appointing council members and be
responsible for any salaries paid. States shall be free to choose to
appoint as few as zero or as many as three delegates to each council. If
at any time, a particular state has not appointed a representative to a
particular council, where a decision affecting said state is imminent, that
state's chief executive may act in person or by proxy as temporary council
member. No one person shall be permitted to serve on more than one
council at the same time. Each council shall be free to determine its own
legislative process, unless herein stated otherwise. Any council
member found to be accepting bribes or emoluments shall be removed immediately
and banned from holding a seat on any federal council for at least ten
years. Facilities and offices for council members shall not be
extravagant. No federal council shall pass any law which does not
directly pertain to its own described purpose, and no federal department or
agency shall attempt to enact or enforce laws which are not defined by the
council to which it is subordinate. Those states where offices of federal
councils or departments subordinate to federal councils are located shall not
attempt to use such positions to unfairly influence decisions of said councils
or departments.
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THE FINANCIAL COUNCIL shall be responsible for collecting
funds from the states, as needed, and as they are able to pay, and distributing
those funds to the various federal programs, projects and departments as
needed, as well as providing financial aid to those states in need, and
overseeing all national social security and other national public welfare
systems.
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This Council shall oversee the printing and banking of
money and all other departments related to such. No money shall be
printed which is not backed by coin or bullion, or by some similar commodity.
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This Council shall not place conditions on any state,
federal council, or subordinate federal department under threat of withholding
funding.
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Each state shall be free to determine its own means of
revenue with certain limitations. No property taxes shall be applied to
non-commercial land. No income taxes shall be applied to salaries, wages,
gifts, tips, or unemployment compensation. No sales taxes shall be
applied to food, medicine, or basic essentials.
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No direct federal taxes shall be applied to the people.
· The Financial Council shall have authority to legislate and enforce antitrust regulations, to cancel debts where necessary, and to regulate banking and lending institutions to ensure honest and fair dealings. This does not preclude states from passing additional regulations.
· THE CIVIL RIGHTS COUNCIL shall serve to protect the freedoms of all persons in the United States, whether they be permanent residents or foreign visitors, placing appropriate limitations on state powers where necessary, shall oversee those departments relating to fair treatment of workers and consumers, and shall oversee and maintain the federal court system.
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All public elections conducted in any state shall abide by
certain rules, which shall be enforced where needed by the Civil Rights
Council. These rules are as follows.
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No state shall set its legal voting age higher than
eighteen years.
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No poll taxes or registration fees shall be applied.
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Absentee ballots shall be made unconditionally available.
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No person shall be denied the right to vote on the basis of
gender, ethnicity, religion, income, education or any other superficial
criteria.
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Elections between three or more choices shall be conducted
in a ranked-choice manner.
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No official in any one state shall be permitted to attempt
to influence the outcome of any election held in a different state.
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The Council may pass additional rules to ensure fairness and transparency in
elections, to regulate campaign financing and conduct, and to discourage
organized attempts to influence elections across multiple states. States
shall be free to self-regulate election procedures where no existing federal
rules apply.
·
All legislatures, police, courts and prisons in any state
shall abide the following limitations on power with regard to crime and
punishment:
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No bills of attainder or ex post facto laws shall be
passed.
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Persons shall be secure in their homes, persons, vehicles,
papers, communication lines, data and effects against unwarranted searches,
seizures, or surveillance, and no warrants shall be issued without probable
cause, and particularly describing the places to be searched or surveyed, and
the persons, data and things to be seized.
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No person accused of any serious crime shall be denied the
right to a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury of peers. No person
shall be denied the right to legal counsel.
·
No person, except for officers of the law, shall be forced
to give self-incriminating testimony. No person shall be threatened or
coerced into giving a confession.
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No officer of the law shall attempt to entrap a potential
suspect by encouraging or participating in any criminal act.
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No acquitted person shall be prosecuted twice for the same
offense.
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No convicted person shall be denied the right to appeal
where reasonable justification for appeal exists.
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No excessive fines or bails shall be imposed. No
cruel or unusual punishments or inhumane prison conditions shall be inflicted.
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No person while incarcerated shall be employed in an
exploitative manner.
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No person shall be forced to complete a sentence for having
violated any law that has been repealed.
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No person upon having completed a sentence shall be denied
the rights of any free person.
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No person holding any office shall be exempt from
prosecution or enjoy lesser consequences for crimes as a benefit of holding any
office.
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Any person employed by the court or by law enforcement who
is proven to have falsified evidence or knowingly presented false evidence, in
addition to any other penalties, shall be permanently removed from public
service, and any salaries, benefits or pensions being received by said person
shall be immediately discontinued.
·
Judges shall not be required to impose sentences where
unusual or extenuating circumstances give just cause for sentences to be
waived.
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All persons shall have use of the court to settle any civil
dispute in excess of one hundred dollars.
·
All states shall abide the following limitations on power
with regard to general rights:
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No law shall require adherence to or practice of any state
religion, and no law shall prohibit the free exercise of religion.
·
No law shall limit or censor the freedom of speech, the
press, or artistic expression, except in cases of particularly harmful
misinformation or in cases of infringement on privacy or copyright.
·
No law shall infringe upon the right of the people
peaceably to assemble.
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No law shall infringe upon the right of the people to
petition the government for a redress of grievances.
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No law shall infringe upon the right of adults to keep such
weapons which can be reasonably used for the purpose of self-defense, and no
regulations on the licensed carry and use of such weapons shall be unfair or unreasonable.
·
No land or other property shall be confiscated or
commandeered from any person without proper cause or without fair compensation.
·
No person shall be forced into labor except in cases of
direct and proportional compensation for criminal damages.
·
No law shall infringe upon the right of adults to marry or
divorce in a manner of their own choosing.
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No law shall infringe upon the freedom of bodily autonomy,
including but not limited to the right of informed and sound-minded adults to
buy, sell or use intoxicating substances, to engage in for-profit sexual
activities, to make end-of-life decisions, to terminate pregnancy, or to
receive other elective medical procedures.
·
Laws with respect to the sale of goods or services shall
not be intended to create monopolies or to give unfair advantages to businesses
with regard to free and fair market competition.
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No law shall restrict travel between states, united or
foreign, except in cases of criminal investigations or in cases of medical
quarantines.
·
All persons of at least the age of eighteen years shall be
considered as adults and having all the rights as such. The extension of any
rights and privileges to persons younger than eighteen years shall be left to
the discretion of the states.
·
No law shall infringe upon the rights of parents or
guardians, while in their homes, to raise their children in a manner of their
own choosing, except in cases of abuse or endangerment.
·
States reserve the right to set residency requirements on
civic participation, but no separate citizenship status shall be established or
required. No basic rights shall be denied to foreign visitors.
·
No private companies or agencies shall be employed or
coerced by government into violating any right described herein.
·
All municipalities shall respect these same limitations on
power with the exception of those voluntarily participating in privately owned
and operated intentional communities.
·
THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COUNCIL shall be responsible for
appointing ambassadors and overseeing embassies, approving treaties, and
deciding terms of warfare.
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Each state shall be responsible for its own military
readiness. No central military shall be maintained.
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War shall only be declared by unanimous agreement by the
Foreign Affairs Council, and such declarations shall particularly describe the
purpose and goal of said war. In time of war, the Council shall appoint a
temporary Commander-in-Chief, who will have complete authority over all
military divisions, within the terms of said declaration.
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States may deploy troops and equipment in support of
foreign nations, if such nations request assistance, and only with approval
from the Foreign Affairs Council. In such cases, any such use of troops
or equipment shall be directed by said foreign nation, and only within the
limitations of military actions defined herein. Approval from the Foreign
Affairs Council is not required for states to supply foreign nations with food,
medicine or other humanitarian aid.
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States shall not be prohibited from using military force in
self-defense on home soil.
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No troops shall be quartered in any private house. No
person shall be forcibly conscripted. No tour of duty, in time of peace,
shall be extended without consent. No resignations, in time of peace,
shall be denied.
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No person, enlisted or civilian, shall be used without
their knowledge and consent for medical or psychological experimentation.
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Testing of experimental weapons and other military devices
shall be conducted in the safest manner possible and avoid unnecessary damage
to surrounding environments.
·
Nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction shall be used
only by unanimous agreement of the Foreign Affairs Council, and only as a last
resort. The use of biological or chemical weapons, the use of permanent
mines, the torture of prisoners of war, and the deliberate targeting of
civilians are all strictly prohibited.
·
Unwarranted espionage conducted upon foreign powers may not
be conducted in time of peace, and no warrants shall be issued except by the
Foreign Affairs Council, upon probable cause.
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THE SCIENCE COUNCIL shall be responsible for awarding research
grants and for overseeing those federal departments dedicated to scientific
advancement, to protection of natural resources through industrial and
agricultural regulations, and to climate research and protection.
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THE HEALTH AND SAFETY COUNCIL shall be responsible for
regulating the process of inspecting food and other products, both domestically
produced and imported, for consumer safety, shall maintain regulations for safe
working environments, and shall, where necessary, enact medical quarantines.
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THE TRANSPORTATION COUNCIL shall be responsible for
maintaining interstate public transportation systems, safety regulations
regarding air and space travel, and the postal service.
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THE RECORDS COUNCIL shall be responsible for keeping
complete and accurate records of federal actions, laws, proposals, and general
information for reference and for posterity, as well as maintaining national
archives and museums, overseeing matters relating to patents and trademarks,
overseeing the national census, and issuing national awards.
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All recorded information shall be freely available to the
public, except for that of a highly personal nature or that regarding
classified current military operations. Military secrets shall be
declassified in a timely manner once such secrecy can no longer be reasonably
justified.
·
THE SPECIAL PROJECTS COUNCIL shall be responsible for
planning and overseeing all large-scale national improvement projects which do
not fall under the authority of any other council or any state, and which
require only temporary federal oversight. This Council shall have
authority to choose and employ private contractors and to work with state and
municipal authorities as needed. Completed projects shall be relinquished
to the state, municipality or the private sector.
·
Special projects shall be completed in a timely manner, as
circumstances allow. The purpose and goals of each project shall be
decided either by the Council itself, or by an agreement by a majority of
states.
·
Any new technologies developed by the Special Projects
Council, which are released to the private sector, shall be considered public
domain and freely available. Special projects shall not be misused to
provide unfair assistance to profit-competitive businesses.
·
This Council shall be responsible for any and all changes
to federal holidays, national flags, symbols, anthems or the like, after having
been met with approval by direct popular vote. Such decisions shall not
regard any establishment or endorsement of a particular religion or language. Any lack of formal adoption of new holidays
or symbols shall not be misconstrued as a basis for prohibition of spontaneous
or local celebrations or adoptions of such holidays or symbols.
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ARTICLE II: Each head of each department subordinate
to any Federal Council shall have authority to make executive decisions in such
cases where circumstances necessitate immediate action. Each department
shall have the option to veto decisions made by the appropriate council, having
stated clear reasons for doing so, for a period of thirty days. If said
Council has not overturned or revised said decision within that time, then said
decisions shall be considered final.
·
Any department head may be removed from office by a
decision by the appropriate council for acts of insubordination, for exceeding
stated authority, or for other forms of misconduct or mismanagement of said
department.
·
In the event of a national crisis, the appropriate council
may grant the head of the appropriate department, for a limited time, absolute
authority to act in response to said crisis, including, where necessary,
enlisting the support of other federal departments. In cases where it is
unclear under which federal department's or council's jurisdiction a particular
crisis falls, and an agreement cannot be reached among the council members in a
timely manner, an appropriate department head may be summarily chosen by the
Chief Justice.
·
All federal departments shall offer equal opportunity with
regard to employment, salaries, or promotions.
·
ARTICLE III: The Federal Government as created under
the United States Constitution of 1791, in order to provide sufficient time for
the establishment of the new federal system and ensure a smooth transition of
powers, shall continue to function as needed from the time of the adoption of
this new Constitution until the scheduled conclusion of the first full presidential
term following the ratification of this document. The offices and holdings of the old federal
system shall be disposed of as follows.
·
The United States Senate, the House of Representatives, and
the offices of President and Vice President of the United States, shall be
utterly dissolved.
·
The United States Supreme Court and all other Federal
Courts shall continue under the supervision of the Civil Rights Council.
All future Supreme Court Justices shall be appointed by the Civil Rights
Council. The number of Supreme Court Justice positions shall be fixed at
nine. The Chief Justice shall be appointed by the Civil Rights Council,
or if left vacant for thirty days, shall fall automatically to the most senior
Supreme Court Justice. No Justice shall be forcibly removed from office
without having been given a formal hearing by the Civil Rights Council. No prior ruling by the Supreme Court shall be
overturned without just cause having been presented in writing to the Supreme
Court by the Civil Rights Council.
·
All branches of the United States Armed Forces shall be
divided among the various states. Military units shall serve under the
direction of their respective state governments, except in time of war, during
which time they shall operate under the direction of a temporary
Commander-in-Chief to be appointed by the Foreign Affairs Council. Troops
shall not be deployed onto foreign soil without proper authorization from the
Foreign Affairs Council, with the exception of the Peace Corps. No state
shall make war with any other state, and no state shall station its own troops
within any other state without permission from said other state.
·
All federal lands shall be relinquished thusly: All
national parks shall be recategorized as state parks under the direction of the
respective states in which they are located. All federal land registered
as being reserved for use by Native American tribes shall be considered as the
property of said tribes and considered independent states. All
self-governing integrated territories, including the District of Columbia,
shall be considered as states. All unincorporated island territories
currently being held for the purpose of wildlife protection and preservation
shall remain as such. All claims to disputed territories shall be
relinquished. All other federally owned lands shall be relinquished to
the states in which they are located.
·
All other existing federal departments, agencies and
commissions, shall be examined by the Special Projects Council to determine the
best means of disposition, whether that be to place such departments under the
direction of the appropriate Federal Council, to merge such departments with
other departments, to divide such departments among the states, to relinquish
such departments to the private sector, or to dissolve such departments
entirely.
·
All federal buildings which are no longer needed as a
result of this reorganization, shall be given to their respective states to be
sold at auction, demolished or repurposed as they see fit.
·
All federal employees whose services are no longer required
as a result of the dissolution of their respective departments, including private contractors, shall be given
fair severance compensation. Pensions for retired federal employees shall
continue uninterrupted.
·
All moneys still owed by the United States, including
federal bonds, foreign debts, reparations, military pensions, and all other
debts shall continue to be paid until paid in full. No future federal
bonds shall be issued, except in time of crisis.
·
Any current laws which contradict this Constitution
shall be considered null and void. Any current
federal laws which do not contradict this Constitution shall be presumed to be
in effect until having been repealed or amended by the appropriate Council.
·
ARTICLE IV: Amendments and alterations to this
Constitution, including the creation of additional councils, shall only be made
by unanimous agreement of all states. Creation of new departments or
agencies subordinate to existing councils shall neither be redundant nor exceed
the domain of such councils, and any effort to increase or decrease the number
of subordinate departments may be prohibited by the Supreme Court on this
basis.
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ARTICLE V: Any state wishing to change its borders,
divide into smaller states, combine with other states, change its system of
government, or secede from the United States, shall not be prevented from doing
so, provided that all parties directly involved in such decisions have reached an
agreement, and that such decisions are approved by popular vote in the affected areas. If any
state secedes from the United States, all federal services in said state shall
be discontinued, with the exception of any financial aid being received, which
shall be evaluated and determined on a case-by-case basis.
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